Trends and constraints in the utilization of African nightshade (Solanum nigrum complex) in Tanzania: A case study of Kilimanjaro and Morogoro regions

African nightshade (ANS, Solanum nigrum complex) is among the most widely distributed and consumed indigenous vegetables in Tanzania. Several challenges hamper utilization of ANS. This study sought to assess trends constraints ANS Kilimanjaro Morogoro regions, Quantitative qualitative methods were employed collect information on production, processing, postharvest handling. Semi-structured questionnaires used quantitative data, whereas focus group discussion (FGDs) was data. A total 627 farmers participated fill questionnaire, about eight FGDs with 6 - 10 participants conducted Morogoro. The results showed that 72.1% grow different species, scabrum vastly cultivated. Also, 79.4% use irrigation, handheld hoe (97.6%), pesticides (70.7%), fertilizer (64.8%) produce mainly as food (96.1%), animal feed (41.3%), medicine (38%). On average, only 5% sales contributed family income. Findings show main pests diseases (92.9%), lack knowledge (58%), shortages (51%), (50%), inadequate means transport (50.4%), extension services (48%), improper handling (41.4%) storage facilities (34%). Postharvest losses accounted for 78.4% loss Mitigation measures were; harvesting small quantities (54.5%) instant selling (61.9%) fresh Drying (5.3%) fermentation (1.1%) minimal value addition preservation. Moreover, boiling (63.0%) frying (45.4%) typical cooking More emphasis should be placed good agricultural practices, providing farmers, supporting access inputs such pesticides, fertilizers, quality seeds. Furthermore, processing preservation necessary improve utilization, reduce losses, ensure availability. research breeding local cultivar, which resistant diseases. Key words: nightshades, complex, cultivation, handling,